TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: The secretion of certain cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) [24, 25], transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) [23, 26, 27], and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) [28, 29] as well as the response to self-antigens [30–32] are factors that seem to be related to the onset and establishment of IBD.