STAT3 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Interestingly, a very recent study found that metformin facilitated autophagy and triggered apoptosis by down-regulation of oncogenic factor STAT3, one of the glycemia-mediated regulators revealed using the protein array in this study (Supplementary Figure S4B), in esophageal SCC [58] further suggesting potential interplays between different glycemic oncotargets.