BECN1 and infection: HSV1 and HCMV cause an early induction of autophagy in human fibroblasts.23 However, at later times during infection, ICP34.5 and TRS1 proteins produced by HSV1 and HCMV, respectively, actively counteract autophagosome biogenesis by binding and inhibiting Beclin1.9, 11 In KSHV, the replication and transcription activator RTA is able to enhance autophagy.24 Nevertheless, KSHV proteins K7, vBcl2 and vFLIP inhibit various steps of the autophagic pathway.12, 25, 26