In accordance with these genetic associations, NK cells expressing KIR3DS1 can suppress the in vitro replication of HIV-1 in HLA-Bw4-80I+ lymphocytes [17], and KIR3DS1+ and KIR3DL1+ NK cells preferentially expand during HIV-1 infection in HLA-Bw4-80I+ individuals [18]. The gene discussed is KIR3DL1; the disease is HIV-1 infection.