In bacterial infections, there appears to be a cell-context dependent requirement of NLRC4 in protection from A/E pathogen infection, whereas Nordlander et al. showed that NLRC4 is dispensable for eliciting caspase-1 activation in macrophages, Liu et al. showed that NLRC4 is pivotal for caspase-1 activity in non-hematopoietic cells [19,36]. The gene discussed is NLRC4; the disease is infection.