Several miRNAs have been shown to target different neurodegenerative disease-related proteins and modulate their concentration in cells (e.g., BACE1, ataxin-1 or α-synuclein in the case of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), SCA1 and Parkinson’s disease (PD), respectively ([42, 43] and references therein)). This evidence concerns the gene BACE1 and Alzheimer disease.