CTLA4 and neoplasm: However, ipilimumab plus chemotherapy was thought to be a rational approach to lung cancer, as preclinical studies have shown that chemotherapy can cause tumor antigen release, promote T-cell–mediated antitumor responses, and synergize with anti–CTLA-4 antibody treatment (Jure-Kunkel et al., 2013; Zitvogel, Galluzzi, Smyh, & Kroemer, 2014).