Clearly, cells expressing IRE1α RNase mutants heightened the expression of ECM markers characteristic of glioblastoma malignancy or invasion, including fibrillar collagens, the collagen cross-linker LOX and the proteins THBS1, YKL-40, DCN and LAMA4 [22, 23, 37]. This evidence concerns the gene CHI3L1 and glioblastoma.