The released NF-κB dimers enter the nucleus and activate the expression of many genes involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, including cytokines (e.g., TNF, IL-6), adhesion molecules (e.g., VCAM-1, ICAM-1) and chemokines (e.g., MCP-1) [58, 60]. The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is atherosclerosis.