Mifepristone is an example of a compound that specifically inhibits HIV-1 IN:IMPα/β1 interaction (Wagstaff et al., 2011), and can inhibit HIV infection (Wagstaff et al., 2012), whilst recent work for dengue virus (DENV) shows that a specific inhibitor [N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide] of DENV non-structural protein five nuclear import through IMPα/β1 can protect against infection by all four serotypes of DENV, including severe, antibody-dependent enhanced disease in a lethal mouse model (Fraser et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene IMPA1 and infection.