Astrocyte β2-AR dysregulation however may contribute to pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis also through deficient inhibition of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokine production and glutamate uptake, as well as through deficient glycogenolysis and production of trophic factors (De Keyser et al., 2004), and reduced perfusion of normal-appearing white matter (De Keyser et al., 2008). The gene discussed is ADRB2; the disease is multiple sclerosis.