BPIFA1 and asthma: For instance, it has been reported that the β-AR agonists albuterol and formoterol may increase the antimicrobial protein short palate, lung, and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) (but not β-defensin-2/hBD-2) in normal and asthma airway epithelial cells, resulting in reduced Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and interleukin (IL)-13 attenuates such effects, decreasing SPLUNC1 and β-AR expression (Gross et al., 2010).