So, for example, a strong upregulation of GS protein was reported for the anterior cingulate cortex of female but not male individuals with schizophrenia (Martins-de-Souza et al., 2010), whereas no such gender-specific change in the Glx ratio was found in schizophrenia patients by MRS (Rowland et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene GLUL and schizophrenia.