TRAF6 and glioma: In our glioma tissue specimens, the Ki-67 LIs (proliferation indexes) of malignant gliomas (grade III and IV) were significantly higher than those of grade I and II gliomas (Supplementary Figure S2A and S2B), and Ki-67 LIs were negatively correlated with miR-146b-5p LIs and positively correlated with TRAF6 LIs (Supplementary Figure S2C and S2D), suggesting that miR-146b-5p downexpression and TRAF6 overexpression were the important causes leading to the excessive proliferation of malignant glioma cells.