Combining with the inverse relevance of miR-146b-5p and TRAF6 expressions in the glioma specimens, our results indicated that TRAF6 overexpression induced by miR-146b-5p downexpression promoted the cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in malignant gliomas by activating TAK1 pathway and then accelerating the phosphorylated dissociation of IκBα from p65:p50, which enhanced our comprehension of the molecular mechanism of glioma malignant progression (Figure 5F) and suggested that miR-146b-5p could be potentially applied in the treatment of malignant gliomas. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and central nervous system cancer.