TNFSF10 and cancer: In addition, modulation of other components in the death receptor-mediated signaling pathways, including increased expression of TRAIL decoy death receptors (DcR1 and DcR2), low expression or mutations of the functional receptors, DR4 or DR5, or over-expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, have been shown to contribute to the resistance of cancer cells to TRAIL therapy [10].