However, genuine lack of TLR3 association with T1D is further underpinned by the results of the genome-wide scans in the large Caucasian cohorts, with the closest association localized to the interleukin-2 gene at 4q27 (Barrett et al. 2009; Smyth et al. 2006; Todd et al. 2007; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2007). Here, TLR3 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.