Since over-CTGF-HMLER cells alone without Matrigel elicited tumor formation in 100% (15/15) of injected mice while the control-HMLER cells only led to 33% tumor take rate, we reasoned that the over production of CTGF by the tumor cells might create a more physiologic microenvironment that would contribute positively to tumor formation of the HMLER cells. Here, CCN2 is linked to neoplasm.