CES1 and atherosclerosis: Although we do not exclude other potential mechanisms for hepatic MsrA to regulate lipoprotein metabolism and attenuate atherosclerosis, our data strongly suggest that MsrA can coordinately regulate 1) hepatic lipid mobilization through increasing SR-BI-mediated cholesterol uptake and bile acid biosynthesis, 2) CEH/ACAT-mediated FC/CEs conversion, 3) ABCA1/ABCG8-mediated cholesterol efflux/secretion, and 4) TG biosynthesis.