PPARA and fetal growth restriction: The mRNA expression for the hepatic lipogenic pathway (including transcription factors and nuclear factors) and enzymes are affected by IUGR, which may be associated with dysfunction in metabolism through the regulation of genes such as liver X receptor α (LXRα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1).