The result demonstrated LDOC1 expression was mainly located in the cytoplasm and 76.5% (13/17) normal oral tissues showed LDOC1 high expression, compared to 53.3% (8/15) oral premalignant lesions (OPML, including hyperplasia squamous epithelium and benign tumors) showing no or low LDOC1 expression (Figure 5D). This evidence concerns the gene LDOC1 and benign neoplasm.