ACE and hydrops fetalis: According to current international HF guidelines there is, to date, no evidence-proven therapy that unequivocally improves outcomes in HF with preserved LVEF17,18.The higher prevalence of HF with preserved LVEF in women and the lack of knowledge on treatment and outcome of HF with preserved LVEF may also explain the lower rates of prescription of ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers in women, although this cannot explain the persistent differences in our subgroup analysis of HF with reduced LVEF alone.