CALR and cancer: Through this analysis we found that a subset of patients of various cancer types have a tendency to show either CALR gene copy-number deletions (8 out of 94 total analyses; especially in kidney cancer and lung cancer) or, more importantly, CALR mRNA under-expression (44 out of 360 total analyses; especially in bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, leukaemia, liver cancer, lymphoma, ovarian cancer and sarcoma) in tumoural tissues relative to corresponding normal tissues (Fig. 5A).