IGHE and malaria: For example, Luoni et al. [9] found in Mali that the IL4-524 T allele, associated with immunoglobulin (Ig) switching from IgG/IgM to IgE, is significantly more common in Fulani than in Mossi or Rimaibe and is associated with significantly higher IgG levels to CSP and Pf332 malaria antigens [9].