The following variables werecompared between the groups: gender, age, carotid stenosis ≥ 70%, diabeteson insulin, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral arteriopathy,unstable angina, kidney function, left ventricular function, acute myocardialinfarction, pulmonary arterial hypertension, use of cardiopulmonary bypass.Ischemic stroke was defined as symptoms lasting over 24 hours associated withchanges in brain computed tomography scan. This evidence concerns the gene INS and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.