ANXA1 and neoplasm: Subsequently, as MAPK/ERK signaling pathway has been linked to metastasis [61], EMT [62], and to cancer SC/tumor initiating cells [63], we analyzed by 1-D Western blot the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) which is a measure of activated ERK, in not treated and ANXA1 knockdown PCa cells.