Intriguingly, AML1 and ARID1A behave as haplo-insufficient tumor suppressors, consistent with the notion that these factors compete with activating NPF factors such as Pygo2, RUNX2 and possibly MACC1 (predictive of metastatic colorectal cancer; Stein et al., 2009) for binding to ChiLS, which will be interesting to test in future. This evidence concerns the gene MACC1 and metastatic colorectal cancer.