ULK1 and cancer: As shown in Fig. 7a, cell lysates of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines BXPC3 and 8988T had significantly higher phosphatase activity towards ULK1 S637 site compared with control cancer cell lines U2OS (osteosarcoma) and H460 (non-small cell lung cancer) that are not ‘addicted' to autophagy.