Several phase III trials demonstrated the superiority of EGFR TKIs over chemotherapy in EGFR-mutated NSCLC in the first line setting in terms of overall response rate (ORR) and progression free survival (PFS), but not in overall survival (OS) due to the extensive cross-over between treatment arms, although recently a pooled analysis of patients harboring common mutations enrolled in the LUX-Lung-3 and -6 trials reported a survival advantage also [18]. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.