The extension of approval of Erlotinib for patients harboring EGFR mutations, in addition to the previous indication for unselected patients with NSCLC after at least one chemotherapeutic line, was obtained after the publication of two large phase III trials conducted in Asia [65] and Europe [66], providing the definitive demonstration of superiority of an EGFR TKI over standard first-line chemotherapy in molecularly selected patients. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.