MAPK3 and neoplasm: To verify its effects, tumor tissues were examined with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry; AMF and phospho-ERK1/2 levels were lower in the HEC-1B/shAMF-1 tumors than in control tissues (Figure 6D), suggesting that AMF highly inhibited EC cell metastasis via MAPK-ERK1/2 pathway in vivo.