INS and diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus can be categorised into two main forms namely Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM), caused by the absolute absence of insulin production due to auto-immune mediated disintegration of pancreatic β-cells, and Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is due to the relative deficiency of the same hormone involving insulin resistance, aberrant synthesis of hepatic glucose and progressive deterioration of pancreatic β-cell functions [1].