Site 12, one of the sites identified in subunit ND1 as being positively selected (Fig. 3b), is included in the region associated with MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes)/DEAF enhancer/hypertension [63] and sudden infant death [64]. The gene discussed is MT-ND1; the disease is mitochondrial encephalomyopathy.