BRAF and metastatic melanoma: The BRAF gene, encoding for a protein member of the mitogen-activated-protein-kinase family (MAPK) [12], is mutated in approximately half of all melanomas, and its mutations, commonly occurring at codon 600 (BRAFV600) [9, 13], have been exploited to develop drugs (vemurafenib, dabrafenib and trametinib) effective against BRAF-driven metastatic melanoma [13–17].