In addition, activation of the sympathetic nervous system will induce pulmonary hypertension through vasoconstriction, via activation of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoreceptors in the pulmonary vasculature (Hyman & Kadowitz 1986; Kadowitz & Hyman 1973; Salvi 1999). Here, PSMA6 is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension.