We also harvested the plantaris muscle and measured the mRNA level of two commonly used biomarkers of skeletal muscle atrophy, MAFbx/atrogin-1 and MuRF1, which are increased in virtually all models of muscle atrophy and are required for normal muscle atrophy, at least during denervation [18, 39, 40]. Here, FBXO32 is linked to muscle atrophy.