To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the role of ω-3 to ω-6 PUFA ratio in the modulation of release of four cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) and two prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGE3) in human alveolar cells exposed to BALF of ARDS patients. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and acute respiratory distress syndrome.