TNF and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Increased protein expression of IL-17A [13, 14], IL-23 [14], IL-15 and IL-12 [14], chemokines [15], RANTES [16], IL-6 and TNF-α [17], TNFα and soluble receptors [18], and IL-6 [19] has been separately reported in the serum of ALS cases.