Finally, distinct SNPs affecting caspase-7 (CASP7) and one affecting caspase-3 (CASP3) have been associated with an altered risk for endometrial carcinoma (as investigated in a cohort of 1,028 patients and 1,003 healthy women) (182), whereas SNPs affecting caspase-9 (CASP9) have been linked to reduced CRC incidence or improved disease outcome (as determined in a cohort of 402 patients and 480 healthy controls) (183). The gene discussed is CASP9; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.