High expression levels of TLR3 and/or toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 1 (TICAM1, a component of the TLR3 signaling apparatus best known as TRIF) have been associated with improved disease outcome in two cohorts of 85 and 172 subjects with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (111, 112), as well as amongst 99 patients with neuroblastoma (113). This evidence concerns the gene TLR3 and hepatocellular carcinoma.