SGs were not detected during infection by influenza A virus (IAV); however, a recombinant IAV lacking non-structural protein 1 (NS1), an inhibitor of PKR, efficiently induced the formation of SGs and the production of IFN-β in a PKR-dependent manner (Khaperskyy et al., 2012; Mok et al., 2012; Onomoto et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene IFNB1 and infection.