Difficulties in advancing disease understanding and clinical interventions partly depend on complex interactions between disease determinants, namely the toxic ß-amyloid1−42 (Aß1−42) species (Selkoe, 2011), and age-related risk factors, including the decline of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) functions (Piriz et al., 2011), and the occurrence of peripheral insulin resistance or diabetes (Jayaraman and Pike, 2014). The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.