Syed et al.22 provided evidence of a direct connection among hyperglycemia, Rac1 activation, and β-cell apoptosis: Rac1 expression was significantly increased in human islets after exposure to 30 mmol/L glucose; Rac1-Nox-ROS signaling led to caspase 3 activity and mitochondrial dysregulation. Here, CASP3 is linked to Hyperglycemia.