Some data suggest that NPM1 mutant/FLT3-ITD wild-type and CEBPA double mutation/FLT3-ITD wild-type AML patients may not benefit from early allogeneic stem cell transplantation, while stem cell transplantations reduce risk of relapse and death for AML patients with FLT3-ITD in the absence of NPM1 or CEBPA double mutation and, thus, represents a preferred treatment option in this high risk group [39]. The gene discussed is NPM1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.