HMGA1 and Insulin resistance: Consistently with these findings, defects in HMGA1 expression and/or function have been previously reported in individuals with insulin resistance and T2D [9,19,20], whereas a type 2-like diabetic subphenotype was observed in the context of a more generalized “HMGA1opathy” induced in mice by targeted disruption of the HMGA1 gene [19,21].