Thus, one possibility of the discrepancy with the recent report is that cell-type specific induction of autophagy may play an important role in dissecting two different anti-NF-κB mechanisms of brazilin: cells harboring abundant autophagy activation such as RA FLS, brazilin may inhibit indirectly NF-κB activation via enhanced autophagy, while in normal or cancer cells which could not induce autophagy, it directly impairs NF-κB signaling pathway. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is cancer.