IFNG and parasitic infectious disease: The standard proinflammatory “M1” macrophage responses are induced by interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and play a role in the immediate response to microbial pathogens that mediate the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), whereas the “M2” alternate macrophage responses are seen in the compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS), parasitic infections, tumor growth promotion, and healing [9].