CD4 and HIV infectious disease: In a previous report from this cohort, we reported that CD4+ T cell counts fall below 500 in a majority of volunteers within 9 months of EDI [22]; given the delay between infection and diagnosis that is so common with HIV infection, these new guidelines may be functionally similar to a “test and treat” program as nearly everyone who tests positive for HIV may be eligible for ART at the time of their diagnosis.