Notably, in cardiomyocytes isolated from CHF rats, the mRNA levels of both TNF‐α and IL‐6 were significantly higher than those in sham cardiomyocytes (Fig. 2D), while the protein contents of TNF‐α and IL‐6 were comparable between the sham and CHF cardiomyocytes (Fig. 2E). Here, TNF is linked to congestive heart failure.