In non-cancerous cells, the situation is even more complex with increased HIF-2α and MYC-dependent proliferation in liver tissue of Phd1 KO mice after liver resection (Mollenhauer et al, 2012), but decreased proliferation upon PHD1 silencing in HeLa ovarian cells because of reduced hydroxylation of the centrosome component Cep192 (Moser et al, 2013) or eventually decreased enterocyte apoptosis in Phd1 knockout mice affected by colitis (Tambuwala et al, 2010). Here, EPAS1 is linked to colitis.