However, a limited number of studies that addressed the study of genetic variants in the ADIPOQ gene in relation to adiponectin levels and obesity phenotypes in African Americans [16, 17], yielded conflicting results mainly because of small sample size [17], inclusion of only one gender in the analysis [7], or the confounding effect of an unadjusted population structure [18]. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.