TYK2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In the present study, based on our experimental evidence that the natural susceptibility gene to EMC virus-induced diabetes was Tyk2 in mice (Izumi et al., 2015), we could extend those observations to humans, with a TYK2 promoter variant which is associated with an overall increased risk for diabetes in Japanese subjects, particularly in patients with T1D associated with flu-like syndrome at onset.