IFIH1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: It was reported that polymorphisms of the IFIH1 gene, which is an intracellular pathogen recognition receptor for picornavirus including enteroviruses, operating as an inducer of interferon production (Takeuchi and Akira, 2009), is associated with risk or resistance for the T1D, serving possible virus-induced susceptibility gene in humans (Smyth et al., 2006, Nejentsev et al., 2009).