GAD1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In addition, the TYK2 promoter variant was significantly more frequent among T1D patients without anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GAD) (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.6 to 7.2; P = 0.002), but not among anti-GAD autoantibody-positive patients (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.8 to 3.9; P = 0.21) (Table 3).