TYK2 and diabetes mellitus: Since TYK2 gene is also associated with other several cytokine signals including IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-23 (Strobl et al., 2011, Casanova et al., 2012, O'Shea et al., 2013), suggesting that deteriorated cytokine responses that can modulate immune/inflammatory reactions, alone or in combination, due to TYK2 promoter variant, may also play a role to serve an increased risk for diabetes.