One study revealed that mRNA levels of many spindle checkpoint genes (MAD1L1, MAD2L1, MAD2L2, BUB1, BUB1B, BUB3, CDC20 and TTK) were almost uniformly increased in breast cancer cell lines relative to the levels in normal breast cells (MCF10A and primary mammary gland); high expression was also observed in high-grade primary breast cancer [42]. This evidence concerns the gene MAD2L1 and breast carcinoma.