CDH1 and Lynch syndrome: Furthermore, there are also well-known genetic risk factors for GC, such as sex (higher risk for males), hereditary diffuse GC (mutation in E-cadherin/CDH1), gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS), and other inherited cancer predisposition syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP; mutations in APC), hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC/Lynch syndrome; mutations in hMLH1, hMSH2), Li-Fraumeni syndrome (mutations in P53), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (mutations in STK11), and BRCA2 mutations [7,11].